Titanstange / -stab nach ASTM B348 Güteklasse 9
- Standard: ASTM B348
- Grad: Grade 9
- Materialart: Ti-3Al-2.5V low-alloy alpha-beta titanium alloy
- UNS: R56320
- Struktur bei Raumtemperatur: Typical alpha-beta microstructure, predominantly alpha
- Zustand: Geglüht
- Dia: φ7 ~ φ300 mm
- Typische Länge von Industriestangen: 200–3000 mm
Anpassbare Größen sind verfügbar, die genauen Produktparameter sollten jedoch gemäß der jeweils geltenden Standardausgabe und Bestellung bestätigt werden.
Produktübersicht
ASTM B348 Grade 9 titanium rod/bar is a Ti-3Al-2.5V low-alloy alpha-beta titanium bar produced and tested to ASTM B348/B348M. The alloy is UNS R56320, with 2.5% to 3.5% aluminum and 2.0% to 3.0% vanadium. Its room-temperature microstructure is typically alpha plus beta, predominantly alpha with a limited beta phase fraction.
Compared with commercially pure Grade 2 titanium, Grade 9 offers substantially higher strength and specific strength while retaining good cold formability, weldability and corrosion resistance. Compared with Grade 5, it is generally lower in strength but less highly alloyed and well suited to applications requiring forming, low weight and moderate strength. It is commonly supplied annealed; formal acceptance shall follow the contract edition, condition, dimensions and supplementary requirements.
Grade 9 bar is suitable for aircraft hydraulic-system components, lightweight structural parts, fasteners, turned and milled parts, bicycles and sporting goods, marine hardware, chemical-process equipment components and other engineered parts requiring corrosion resistance, weldability and higher strength.
| Spezifikation | Details |
| Industriestandard | ASTM B348 |
| Industriequalitäten | Gr9 |
| Durchmesserbereich | Ø7 – Ø300 mm |
| Typische Durchmesser | Ø 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 150, 200 mm |
| Typische Länge von Industriestangen | 200–3000 mm; Zuschnitt auf Wunschlänge möglich |
| Oberflächen-/Versorgungszustand | Warmgewalzte schwarze Oberfläche / gedreht / geschliffen |
| Präzisionstoleranz | h6 / h7 / h8 sind abhängig von Durchmesser, Oberflächenbearbeitung und Auftragsbestätigung erhältlich. |
Hauptmerkmale
- Moderate strength and excellent strength-to-weight ratio: ASTM B348 minimum tensile strength is 620 MPa, minimum 0.2% offset yield strength is 483 MPa and minimum elongation is 15%, substantially above commercially pure Grade 2.
- Good cold formability: Grade 9 generally offers better cold bending, flaring, reducing and general forming latitude than high-strength Grade 5, supporting parts that need both strength and subsequent forming.
- Gute Schweißbarkeit: TIG, MIG, plasma, laser and electron-beam welding may be used with complete high-purity inert-gas shielding of the weld pool, face, root and hot heat-affected zone.
- Machinable and hot-workable: The alloy can be forged, hot rolled, drawn, turned, milled, drilled, ground, bent and stamped. Use rigid equipment, sharp tooling and non-chlorinated cutting fluid; avoid dwell, rubbing and localized overheating.
- Niedrige Dichte und im Wesentlichen nichtmagnetisches Verhalten: Density is about 4.48 g/cm³, supporting lightweight design and some magnetic-response-sensitive uses.
- Supply condition must be defined: Grade 9 is a low-alloy alpha-beta titanium alloy. Annealed is the common supply condition. Solution treatment, aging, stress relief, microstructure, hardness or special strength ranges must be stated in the order and qualified by an approved process when required.
Chemische Zusammensetzung
ASTM B348 Grade 9 chemistry is controlled to the following mass-percent limits:
| Element | ASTM B348 Grade 9 requirement |
| Stickstoff, N | ≤0,030% |
| Kohlenstoff, C | ≤0,080% |
| Wasserstoff, H | ≤0,015% |
| Eisen, Fe | ≤0,250% |
| Sauerstoff, O | ≤0.150% |
| Aluminium, Al | 2.5%–3.5% |
| Vanadium, V | 2.0%–3.0% |
| Restelemente, jeweils | ≤0,100% |
| Restelemente, insgesamt | ≤0,400% |
- Aluminum and vanadium are the defining alloying elements. Aluminum stabilizes alpha and vanadium stabilizes beta; their controlled balance governs Grade 9 strength, fabricability and alpha-beta microstructure.
- Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and iron must be controlled. Oxygen, nitrogen and carbon raise strength but can reduce ductility; excessive hydrogen can form brittle hydrides, while iron segregation can affect microstructural and property uniformity.
- Final chemistry shall be confirmed by the original mill test report for the applicable heat. Any more-stringent drawing, AMS, ASME, ASTM B861/B338 or customer requirement must be stated in the order.
Mechanische Anforderungen
The following room-temperature tensile requirements apply to ASTM B348 Grade 9 bar. The specified edition, dimensions, specimen form, test orientation and supply condition must also be considered for formal acceptance.
| Eigentum | Erfordernis | Status |
| Zugfestigkeit, Rm | ≥620 MPa | ASTM-Mindeststandard |
| 0,2% Offset-Streckgrenze, Rp0,2 | ≥483 MPa | ASTM-Mindeststandard |
| Dehnung in der angegebenen Messlänge | ≥15% | ASTM-Mindeststandard |
| Flächenverringerung, Z | ≥25% | ASTM-Mindeststandard |
Typische Eigenschaften bei Raumtemperatur (nicht garantiert)
| Eigentum | Referenzwert |
| Zugfestigkeit | Approx. 620–760 MPa |
| 0,2% Offset-Streckgrenze | Approx. 483–620 MPa |
| Verlängerung | Approx. 15–25% |
| Flächenreduzierung | Typically approx. 25–35% |
| Elastizitätsmodul | Approx. 100–110 GPa |
HTN Supply and Quality Services
ASTM B348 Grade 9 titanium bar is produced by evaluated, qualified mill resources. HTN confirms technical requirements from customer drawings and purchase specifications, selects a mill with appropriate capability, reviews the original MTR and heat/lot records, and verifies the relationship among material standard, dimensions, quantity, condition and inspection documents.
Sofern im Vertrag vereinbart, kann HTN unabhängige Nachprüfungen, Ultraschallprüfungen, PMI, Ablängen, Drehen oder Schleifen, EN 10204 3.1 Dokumentation und Inspektionen durch Dritte sowie Exportverpackung, Versanddokumente und internationale Lieferung koordinieren.
Typische Anwendungen
- Aircraft hydraulic-system parts, lightweight structural components, fasteners and other moderate-strength corrosion-resistant components;
- bicycle frames, sporting goods, outdoor equipment and other parts requiring high specific strength and good formability;
- pump shafts, valve stems, valves, flanges, fasteners and corrosion-resistant machined parts;
- desalination, marine engineering, shipboard, chemical, energy and general industrial equipment;
- tubing-support, structural and custom engineering components requiring good cold formability, weldability and corrosion resistance;
- other Grade 9 titanium alloy parts used after evaluation against the applicable design code and service conditions.
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Herstellungs- und Verarbeitungseigenschaften
Bearbeitung
Grade 9 can be turned, milled, drilled, ground and threaded. Titanium alloys have relatively low thermal conductivity, noticeable elastic recovery and a tendency to gall. Use sharp, rigid tooling, stable feed, appropriate cutting speed and abundant non-chlorinated cutting fluid. Avoid dwell, rubbing and chip buildup.
Kaltumformung
Grade 9 has good room-temperature formability and can be bent, flared, reduced, stamped, drawn and spun. Complex or tight-radius shapes should be validated by trial or qualified procedure based on section, surface condition and deformation level. Use staged forming, intermediate annealing or warm forming when needed.
Warmumformung und Wärmebehandlung
Hot forging, rolling, extrusion and drawing can be used to produce bar. Working temperature, reduction, soak time, cooling path and atmosphere must be controlled to limit grain coarsening, oxidation, alpha case and microstructural nonuniformity. Annealing is commonly used to stabilize structure, relieve stress and obtain the specified strength-ductility balance; any strengthening heat treatment must follow customer requirements and a qualified procedure.
Schweißen
Grade 9 has good weldability. The weld pool, face, root and hot heat-affected zone require complete high-purity inert-gas shielding. Critical weldments should be qualified for joint strength, ductility, corrosion behavior and any required post-weld treatment.
Maschinensicherheit: Feine Titanspäne und -pulver sind brennbar und müssen gemäß den geltenden Sicherheitsbestimmungen fern von Zündquellen gesammelt, gelagert und gehandhabt werden.
Typische physikalische Eigenschaften
Nachfolgend sind typische Referenzwerte nahe Raumtemperatur angegeben, die keine zwingenden Annahmekriterien gemäß ASTM B348 darstellen:
| Physikalische Eigenschaften | Typischer Wert |
| Dichte | Approx. 4.48 g/cm³ |
| Elastizitätsmodul | Approx. 100–110 GPa |
| Spezifische Wärmekapazität bei Raumtemperatur | ca. 0,52 J/(g·K) |
| Wärmeleitfähigkeit | Approx. 7–9 W/(m·K) |
| Elektrischer Widerstand | Approx. 1.27 μΩ·m |
| Mittlerer CTE, 20–100 °C | Approx. 9.0–9.7×10⁻⁶/K |
| Beta transus | Approx. 930–950°C |
| Schmelztemperatur | Approx. 1600–1700°C |
| Poisson-Verhältnis | Approx. 0.30–0.32 |
| Magnetismus | Im Allgemeinen als nichtmagnetisch angesehen |
Physical-property references: public Ti-3Al-2.5V technical data and industry data. Values vary with temperature, heat, orientation, section size and thermal condition.
Korrosionsbeständigkeit
Grade 9 corrosion resistance is principally based on a continuous, tightly adherent titanium-oxide passive film. In many oxidizing, aqueous and seawater environments, it is broadly comparable with commercially pure titanium while providing higher strength. Actual performance depends on medium, temperature, concentration, oxygen availability, flow, crevices and dissimilar-metal contact. For reducing acids or severe crevice-corrosion duty, palladium-bearing grades such as Grade 7 generally offer a higher corrosion margin.
Environments in Which Grade 9 Generally Performs Well
- Natural seawater, marine atmospheres, salt spray, brines and many aqueous environments;
- viele neutrale wässrige Lösungen, allgemeines Industriewasser, Entsalzung und entsprechende Wärmeübertragungsdienste;
- Salpetersäure und viele oxidierende saure Umgebungen;
- evaluated chloride-bearing aqueous solutions and wet-process media;
- applicable duties in lightweight corrosion-resistant structures, marine hardware, aircraft hydraulic systems and general industrial equipment.
Umgebungen, die eine sorgfältige Bewertung erfordern
- fluoridhaltige Medien oder Fluorwasserstoffsäure;
- heiße, konzentrierte, sauerstoffarme oder stark korrosive Säuren, die reduzierende Metallionen enthalten;
- vollständig trockenes Chlor, wasserfreies Methanol oder halogenidhaltiges Methanol;
- rauchende rote Salpetersäure, geschmolzene Chloridsalze, flüssiges Quecksilber, Cadmium und andere spezielle chemische Umgebungen;
- pickling, cathodic protection or electrochemical conditions that may promote hydrogen pickup;
- Heiße Spalten, Ablagerungen, Kontaktstellen unterschiedlicher Metalle und beanspruchte Bereiche.
Technischer Hinweis: Grade 9 offers higher strength than commercially pure titanium, but is not universally suitable for all acids, halides or oxygen-starved media. Product literature cannot replace actual-service corrosion testing and engineering review.
Typical Production Process for Grade 9 Titanium Rod
- Raw-material and alloying preparation: Select qualified titanium sponge, aluminum-vanadium master alloy and approved clean revert, while controlling oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, iron and foreign contamination.
- Elektrodenpräparation: Compact the charge into electrode blocks and assemble the melting electrode, ensuring uniform aluminum and vanadium distribution and exclusion of oil, moisture and iron-bearing foreign matter.
- Vakuumschmelzen und Barrenherstellung: Use VAR, electron-beam cold-hearth melting or another approved titanium melting route. The melting route and number of melts follow the qualified mill process and purchase requirements.
- Konditionierung und chemische Eigenschaften des Rohlings: Nach Bedarf ernten, schälen oder mahlen, die erforderlichen chemischen Analysen durchführen, die Wärmekennzeichnung beibehalten und die notwendigen internen Qualitätskontrollen durchführen.
- Schmiedeprozess im Detail: Upset, draw or multi-directionally forge to break down the cast structure, improve internal uniformity and produce billet for further working.
- Alpha-beta hot working and bar formation: Forge, hot roll, extrude, draw or combine processes to produce the required section, controlling temperature, reduction and cooling path for a stable, uniform alpha-beta microstructure.
- Annealing and optional thermal treatment: Anneal under a qualified procedure to stabilize microstructure, relieve stress and obtain the required strength-ductility balance. Special thermal conditions follow the purchase order and process specification.
- Surface conditioning, straightening and finishing: Turn, grind, blast, pickle, straighten, cut, chamfer or polish as required. Pickling must limit hydrogen pickup and meet surface-quality requirements.
- Final inspection, documentation and delivery: Verify chemistry, tensile properties, dimensions, tolerances, surface and identification. UT, PMI, microstructure, hardness, heat-treatment records or third-party inspection are performed when ordered. Maintain full correlation among material, labels, heat, lot, condition and original MTR.
