{"id":966,"date":"2026-10-09T09:21:14","date_gmt":"2026-10-09T09:21:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/daix488.sg-host.com\/?post_type=product&#038;p=966"},"modified":"2026-10-20T07:55:53","modified_gmt":"2026-10-20T07:55:53","slug":"astm-b348-grade-4-titanium-rod","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/www.htn-ti.com\/fr\/product\/astm-b348-grade-4-titanium-rod\/","title":{"rendered":"ASTM B348 Grade 4 Titanium Rod"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"product-post\" data-elementor-id=\"966\" class=\"elementor elementor-966\" wpc-filter-elementor-widget=\"1\" data-elementor-post-type=\"product\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27a9ea3f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"27a9ea3f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2287e0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2287e0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Product Overview<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52fc33c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"52fc33c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63feebe elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"63feebe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>ASTM B348 Grade 4 titanium rod (titanium bar) is an unalloyed, commercially pure titanium bar produced and tested to ASTM B348. Its UNS designation is R50700. Material performance is developed by controlling oxygen, iron, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen, together with hot working, annealing and grain condition.<\/p><p>Grade 4 is the highest-strength commercially pure titanium grade among Grades 1 to 4 in ASTM B348. It provides greater load-carrying capability than Grades 1, 2 and 3, with a corresponding reduction in ductility, cold-forming latitude and processing adaptability. Grade 4 is suited to engineering parts requiring higher strength together with good weldability and excellent corrosion resistance.<\/p><p>Grade 4 rod\/bar is used for higher-strength corrosion-resistant fasteners, shafts, valve stems, flanges, connectors, pump components, electrode substrates and heat-exchanger parts in chemical processing, desalination, marine, chlor-alkali, electroplating, energy and general industrial equipment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa23027 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa23027\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"overflow-x: auto;\"><table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"><tbody><tr style=\"background-color: #bd9a5b; color: white;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Specification<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Industrial Standard<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">ASTM B348<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Industrial Grades<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Gr4<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Diameter Range<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">\u00d87 \u2013 \u00d8300 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Typical Diameters<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">\u00d87, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 150, 200 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Typical Industrial Bar Length<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">200\u20133000 mm; cut-to-length available<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Surface \/ Supply Condition<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Hot-rolled black surface \/ Turned \/ Ground<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Precision Tolerance<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">h6 \/ h7 \/ h8 available subject to diameter, finishing process and order confirmation<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-838b1f5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"838b1f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48c2a8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48c2a8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Main Characteristics<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b94d671 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b94d671\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>Highest strength among CP titanium Grades 1-4:<\/strong> The room-temperature minimum tensile strength is 550 MPa, the minimum 0.2% offset yield strength is 483 MPa, and the minimum specified elongation is 15%, supporting corrosion-resistant parts with higher load-carrying requirements.<\/li><li><strong>Excellent corrosion resistance:<\/strong> A continuous, adherent titanium-oxide passive film forms naturally and can repassivate when oxygen or moisture is present.<\/li><li><strong>High strength-to-weight potential:<\/strong> Density is approximately 4.51 g\/cm\u00b3. Its strength can be comparable with some annealed stainless steels at substantially lower weight.<\/li><li><strong>Hot and cold workability:<\/strong> Grade 4 may be forged, rolled, extruded, drawn, bent, stamped, spun and machined. Its higher strength and work-hardening response provide less cold-forming latitude than Grades 1-3.<\/li><li><strong>Good weldability:<\/strong> TIG, MIG, plasma, laser and electron-beam processes may be used with complete inert-gas protection of all hot metal.<\/li><li><strong>Good low-temperature behavior:<\/strong> CP titanium retains useful ductility and toughness at low temperatures.<\/li><li><strong>Essentially non-magnetic:<\/strong> This can be useful in equipment sensitive to magnetic response.<\/li><li><strong>Not significantly strengthened by conventional heat treatment:<\/strong> Annealing is used mainly for stress relief, ductility recovery and microstructural stabilization.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3ef1b4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a3ef1b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82c4d84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"82c4d84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chemical Composition<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78986ec elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78986ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>ASTM B348 Grade 4 chemistry is controlled to the following mass-percent limits:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b92d5b6 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b92d5b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"overflow-x: auto;\"><table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"><tbody><tr style=\"background-color: #bd9a5b; color: white;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Element<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>ASTM B348 Grade 4 requirement<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Nitrogen, N<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">\u22640.050%<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Carbon, C<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">\u22640.080%<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Hydrogen, H<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">\u22640.015%<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Oxygen, O<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">\u22640.400%<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Iron, Fe<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">\u22640.500%<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Residual elements, each<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">\u22640.100%<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Residual elements, total<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">\u22640.400%<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Titanium, Ti<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Balance<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-361d212 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"361d212\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>Technical references:<\/strong> ASTM B348\/B348M, Carpenter Technology CP Ti Grade 4 data and related Grade 4 product data.<\/li><li><strong>Oxygen and iron:<\/strong> Important strength-controlling elements in CP titanium; higher levels generally increase strength and hardness but may reduce ductility and formability.<\/li><li><strong>Hydrogen:<\/strong> Must be controlled because excessive pickup can form brittle hydrides and increase embrittlement risk.<\/li><li><strong>Titanium content:<\/strong> ASTM states Titanium: Balance. Grade 4 should not be simplified to a fixed claim such as \u201cTi \u226599.5%.\u201d<\/li><li><strong>Lot acceptance:<\/strong> Final chemistry shall be confirmed by the original mill test report for the applicable heat.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5a2eb7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b5a2eb7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69d186b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"69d186b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mechanical Requirements<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36eaf0e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36eaf0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The following room-temperature tensile requirements apply to annealed ASTM B348 Grade 4 bar. The specified edition, dimensions, specimen form and test orientation must also be considered for formal acceptance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-024379c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"024379c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"overflow-x: auto;\"><table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"><tbody><tr style=\"background-color: #bd9a5b; color: white;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Property<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Requirement<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Status<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Ultimate tensile strength, Rm<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">\u2265550 MPa<\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">ASTM minimum<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>0.2% offset yield strength, Rp0.2<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">\u2265483 MPa<\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">ASTM minimum<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Elongation in the specified gauge length<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">\u226515%<\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">ASTM minimum<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Reduction of area<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">\u226525%<\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">ASTM minimum<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30df027 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30df027\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typical Room-Temperature Properties (Not Guaranteed)<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c690a3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c690a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"overflow-x: auto;\"><table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"><tbody><tr style=\"background-color: #bd9a5b; color: white;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Property<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Reference Value<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Ultimate tensile strength<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Approx. 655\u2013690 MPa<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>0.2% offset yield strength<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Approx. 480\u2013635 MPa<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Elongation<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Approx. 20\u201325%<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Reduction of area<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Approx. 38\u201351%<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Elastic modulus<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Approx. 105 GPa<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Typical bend radius<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Evaluate for part design, dimensions and forming route<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"htn-supplementary-note\" style=\"margin-top: 16px; padding: 12px 14px; border-left: 4px solid #bd9a5b; background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><p style=\"margin: 0;\"><strong>Important:<\/strong> Typical data are not ASTM acceptance values and are not automatically guaranteed for every lot. Hardness is not a universal core acceptance criterion for ASTM B348 Grade 4. If hardness, fatigue or bend performance is required, it should be stated separately in the purchase order.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e000d92 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e000d92\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8451e61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8451e61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">HTN Supply and Quality Services<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a72c42 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a72c42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>ASTM B348 Grade 4 titanium bar is produced by evaluated, qualified mill resources. HTN confirms technical requirements from customer drawings and purchase specifications, selects a mill with the appropriate capability, reviews the original MTR and heat\/lot records, and verifies the relationship among the material standard, dimensions, quantity, condition and inspection documents.<\/p><p>When agreed in the contract, HTN can coordinate independent retesting, ultrasonic examination, PMI, cut-to-length service, turning or grinding, EN 10204 3.1 documentation and third-party inspection, together with export packing, shipping documents and international delivery.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7f8a7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e7f8a7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e2bd1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e2bd1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Typical Applications<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6da990a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6da990a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Higher-strength shafts, valve stems, flanges, fasteners and connectors for chemical equipment;<\/li><li>Components for heat exchangers, condensers, evaporators and reactors;<\/li><li>Desalination, shipboard and marine-engineering equipment;<\/li><li>Pump shafts, impeller or support components and corrosion-resistant machined parts;<\/li><li>Chlor-alkali, electroplating and electrochemical equipment;<\/li><li>Petrochemical, energy and general industrial equipment;<\/li><li>Aircraft brackets, duct accessories and secondary structures where the applicable specification is satisfied;<\/li><li>Engineering parts requiring light weight, corrosion resistance and the highest strength of the common CP titanium grades.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d27ae16 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d27ae16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c2163d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c2163d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Request a Quote<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6592acb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6592acb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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e-form__buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" type=\"submit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-paper-plane\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M440 6.5L24 246.4c-34.4 19.9-31.1 70.8 5.7 85.9L144 379.6V464c0 46.4 59.2 65.5 86.6 28.6l43.8-59.1 111.9 46.2c5.9 2.4 12.1 3.6 18.3 3.6 8.2 0 16.3-2.1 23.6-6.2 12.8-7.2 21.6-20 23.9-34.5l59.4-387.2c6.1-40.1-36.9-68.8-71.5-48.9zM192 464v-64.6l36.6 15.1L192 464zm212.6-28.7l-153.8-63.5L391 169.5c10.7-15.5-9.5-33.5-23.7-21.2L155.8 332.6 48 288 464 48l-59.4 387.3z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Submit Inquiry<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bb5e84 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4bb5e84\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c0a1a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"3c0a1a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-6290\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-6290\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Fabrication and Processing Characteristics <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-6290\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1f1a7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1c1f1a7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c40f91c ekit-equal-height-disable elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-icon-box\" data-id=\"c40f91c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <!-- link opening -->\n                <!-- end link opening -->\n\n        <div class=\"elementskit-infobox text-left text-left icon-lef-right-aligin elementor-animation- media  \">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-box-header elementor-animation-\">\n                <div class=\"elementskit-info-box-icon  text-center\">\n                    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"elementkit-infobox-icon e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"box-body\">\n                            <p class=\"elementskit-info-box-title\">\n                    Machining                <\/p>\n                        \t\t  \t<p>Grade 4 can be turned, milled, drilled, ground and threaded. Because titanium has low thermal conductivity, noticeable elastic recovery and a tendency to gall, sharp rigid tools, low cutting speed, stable feed and abundant non-chlorinated cutting fluid are recommended. Dwell and rubbing should be avoided.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <\/div>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7518313 ekit-equal-height-disable elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-icon-box\" data-id=\"7518313\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <!-- link opening -->\n                <!-- end link opening -->\n\n        <div class=\"elementskit-infobox text-left text-left icon-lef-right-aligin elementor-animation- media  \">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-box-header elementor-animation-\">\n                <div class=\"elementskit-info-box-icon  text-center\">\n                    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"elementkit-infobox-icon e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"box-body\">\n                            <p class=\"elementskit-info-box-title\">\n                    Cold forming                <\/p>\n                        \t\t  \t<p>Grade 4 can be bent, stamped, drawn and spun, but its higher strength, faster work hardening and springback provide less cold-forming latitude than Grades 1-3. Larger bend radii, staged forming, intermediate annealing or hot sizing may be required for complex parts.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <\/div>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bc8d7e ekit-equal-height-disable elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-icon-box\" data-id=\"0bc8d7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <!-- link opening -->\n                <!-- end link opening -->\n\n        <div class=\"elementskit-infobox text-left text-left icon-lef-right-aligin elementor-animation- media  \">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-box-header elementor-animation-\">\n                <div class=\"elementskit-info-box-icon  text-center\">\n                    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"elementkit-infobox-icon e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"box-body\">\n                            <p class=\"elementskit-info-box-title\">\n                    Hot working                <\/p>\n                        \t\t  \t<p>Hot forging, rolling, extrusion and pressing may be used. Temperature, soak time, reduction and atmosphere should follow a qualified procedure to limit abnormal grain growth, surface oxidation and alpha-case formation.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <\/div>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89d2978 ekit-equal-height-disable elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-icon-box\" data-id=\"89d2978\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <!-- link opening -->\n                <!-- end link opening -->\n\n        <div class=\"elementskit-infobox text-left text-left icon-lef-right-aligin elementor-animation- media  \">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-box-header elementor-animation-\">\n                <div class=\"elementskit-info-box-icon  text-center\">\n                    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"elementkit-infobox-icon e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"box-body\">\n                            <p class=\"elementskit-info-box-title\">\n                    Welding                <\/p>\n                        \t\t  \t<p>Grade 4 has good weldability. The weld pool, face, root and hot heat-affected zone must be fully protected by high-purity inert gas to prevent oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen contamination.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <\/div>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-891b83e ekit-equal-height-disable elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-icon-box\" data-id=\"891b83e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <!-- link opening -->\n                <!-- end link opening -->\n\n        <div class=\"elementskit-infobox text-left text-left icon-lef-right-aligin elementor-animation- media  \">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-box-header elementor-animation-\">\n                <div class=\"elementskit-info-box-icon  text-center\">\n                    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"elementkit-infobox-icon e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"box-body\">\n                            <p class=\"elementskit-info-box-title\">\n                    Wear resistance                <\/p>\n                        \t\t  \t<p>Unalloyed titanium tends to gall and smear and is not recommended for high-friction sliding pairs without an appropriate coating, surface treatment, bushing or mating-material design.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n        \n        \n                <\/div>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc735c4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc735c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"htn-supplementary-note\" style=\"margin-top: 16px; padding: 12px 14px; border-left: 4px solid #bd9a5b; background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><p style=\"margin: 0;\"><strong>Machining safety:<\/strong> Fine titanium chips and powders are combustible. They must be collected, stored and handled away from ignition sources in accordance with applicable fire and occupational-safety requirements.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-6291\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-6291\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Typical Physical Properties <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-6291\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad6d1a1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ad6d1a1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67fd558 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67fd558\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The following are typical reference values near room temperature and are not mandatory lot-acceptance requirements of ASTM B348:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85c43bf elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85c43bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"overflow-x: auto;\"><table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"><tbody><tr style=\"background-color: #bd9a5b; color: white;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Physical property<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Typical value<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Density<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Approx. 4.51 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Elastic modulus<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Approx. 105\u2013110 GPa<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Specific heat at room temperature<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Approx. 0.52 J\/(g\u00b7K)<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Thermal conductivity<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Approx. 17 W\/(m\u00b7K)<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Electrical resistivity<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Approx. 0.55 \u03bc\u03a9\u00b7m<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Mean CTE, 20\u2013100\u00b0C<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Approx. 8.6\u00d710\u207b\u2076\/K<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Mean CTE, 20\u2013300\u00b0C<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Approx. 9.5\u00d710\u207b\u2076\/K<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Beta transus<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Approx. 930\u2013960\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Melting range<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Approx. 1665\u20131677\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Poisson&#8217;s ratio<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Approx. 0.31\u20130.37<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Magnetism<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 8px;\">Generally regarded as non-magnetic<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p>Physical-property references: Carpenter Technology CP Ti Grade 4 and related Grade 4 data. Values vary with temperature, heat, orientation and processing condition.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-6292\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-6292\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Corrosion Resistance <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-6292\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-390bd57 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"390bd57\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9f0579 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e9f0579\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The corrosion resistance of Grade 4 titanium rod\/bar is based on a continuous, tightly adherent passive titanium-oxide film. If the film is slightly damaged, it generally reforms when oxygen or moisture is available.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfda2e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dfda2e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Environments in Which Grade 4 Generally Performs Well<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b07043b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b07043b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Natural seawater, marine atmospheres, salt spray and flowing seawater;<\/li><li>neutral chlorides, brines and many chloride-bearing aqueous solutions;<\/li><li>nitric acid and many oxidizing acid environments;<\/li><li>wet chlorine and hydrated halogen environments where sufficient moisture is present;<\/li><li>many alkaline solutions, organic compounds and aqueous salt solutions;<\/li><li>desalination, heat-exchange, chlor-alkali and electroplating service.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b55d1bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b55d1bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Environments Requiring Careful Evaluation<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1964c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1964c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Hot, concentrated or oxygen-starved strongly reducing acids;<\/li><li>tight crevices and deposits in hot concentrated chloride or sulfate solutions;<\/li><li>fluoride-bearing media or hydrofluoric acid;<\/li><li>anhydrous methanol or halide-contaminated methanol;<\/li><li>red fuming nitric acid and molten chloride salts;<\/li><li>liquid mercury, cadmium and related special environments;<\/li><li>completely dry chlorine service;<\/li><li>pickling, cathodic protection or electrochemical conditions that may promote hydrogen pickup.<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"htn-supplementary-note\" style=\"margin-top: 16px; padding: 12px 14px; border-left: 4px solid #bd9a5b; background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><p style=\"margin: 0;\"><strong>Engineering caution:<\/strong> Corrosion behavior depends on concentration, temperature, pH, aeration, velocity, impurities, crevices, deposits, residual stress, surface condition and dissimilar-metal contact. Product literature supports preliminary material selection but cannot replace corrosion testing and engineering review under the actual service conditions.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-6293\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-6293\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Typical Industry Manufacturing Route for Grade 4 Titanium Rod <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-6293\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8835188 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8835188\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3165d5 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c3165d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol style=\"padding-left: 10px;\"><li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><strong>Raw-material preparation:<\/strong> Select qualified titanium sponge and approved clean revert, controlling oxygen, iron, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and foreign contamination.<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><strong>Electrode preparation:<\/strong> Compact the charge into electrode blocks and assemble a melting electrode while excluding oil, moisture and iron-bearing foreign matter.<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><strong>Vacuum melting and ingot production:<\/strong> Use VAR, electron-beam cold-hearth melting or another approved titanium melting route. The route and number of melts follow the qualified mill process and purchase requirements.<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><strong>Ingot conditioning and chemistry:<\/strong> Crop, peel or grind the ingot as necessary, complete the required chemical analysis and retain clear heat identification.<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><strong>Breakdown forging:<\/strong> Upset, draw or multi-directionally forge the ingot to break down the cast structure, improve internal uniformity and produce billet for further working.<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><strong>Bar formation:<\/strong> Forge, hot roll, extrude, draw or combine processes to produce the required section. Precision small bars may be turned or centerless ground.<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><strong>Heat treatment:<\/strong> Anneal to reduce residual stress, improve uniformity and obtain the required strength-ductility balance. The actual temperature and hold time follow the qualified procedure.<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><strong>Surface conditioning:<\/strong> Turn, grind, blast, pickle or combine processes to remove scale and alpha case. Pickling must be controlled to limit hydrogen pickup.<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><strong>Straightening and finishing:<\/strong> Straighten, cut, chamfer, turn, grind or polish to achieve the specified diameter, length, straightness and surface quality.<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><strong>Final inspection:<\/strong> Verify chemistry, room-temperature tensile properties, dimensions, tolerances, straightness, surface condition and product identification.<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><strong>Documentation and traceability:<\/strong> Maintain the relationship among the physical material, labels, heat number, lot, dimensions and original mill test report.<\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><strong>Packing and delivery:<\/strong> Protect the finished surface and use suitable export packing and transport markings to prevent impact, scratching, moisture and dissimilar-metal contamination.<\/li><\/ol><div class=\"htn-supplementary-note\" style=\"margin-top: 16px; padding: 12px 14px; border-left: 4px solid #bd9a5b; background-color: #f7f7f7;\"><p style=\"margin: 0;\"><strong>Melting and inspection note:<\/strong> ASTM B348 does not prescribe a fixed double- or triple-VAR route for every Grade 4 rod\/bar. UT, PT, PMI, microstructure, hardness, EN 10204 3.1 and third-party inspection must be ordered when required.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li><strong>Standard:<\/strong> ASTM B348<\/li>\n<li><strong>Grade:<\/strong> Grade 4 (Commercially Pure Titanium)<\/li>\n<li><strong>UNS:<\/strong> R50700<\/li>\n<li><strong>Condition:<\/strong> Annealed<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dia:<\/strong> \u03c67 ~ \u03c6300 mm<\/li>\n<li><strong>Typical Industrial Bar Length:<\/strong> 200\u20133000 mm<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"featured_media":1289,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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