ASTM F1472 Ti-6Al-4V Grade 5 Titanium Plate & Sheet
- Standard: ASTM F1472 (or contract-specified edition)
- Grade: Ti-6Al-4V (commonly called Grade 5)
- UNS: R56400
- Supply form: Hot-rolled plate, cold-rolled sheet or cut flat stock
- Condition: Annealed, as ordered
- Thickness: 0.3–60 mm; Customizable up to 100 mm
- Width: 400–2000 mm
- Length: 1000–6000 mm
Customizable sizes are available, while specific product parameters should be confirmed per the applicable standard edition and order.
Product Overview
ASTM F1472 titanium plate and sheet are wrought, annealed Ti-6Al-4V alpha-beta alloy flat products for surgical implant manufacture, UNS R56400, commercially known as Grade 5. They combine high specific strength, good corrosion resistance and established forming/machining capability. This is conventional Ti-6Al-4V, not the ELI / Grade 23 alloy specified by ASTM F136.
Products may be supplied as hot-rolled plate, cold-rolled sheet, strip or contract-finished flat stock. Typical uses include orthopedic fixation plates, cranio-maxillofacial and spinal implant components, joint-system parts, surgical instruments and precision medical parts. ASTM F1472 specifies raw-material chemistry, mechanical and metallurgical requirements; the finished implant still requires device-level validation.
| Specification | Cold-Rolled Titanium Sheet | Hot-Rolled Titanium Plate | ||
| Standard | ASTM F1472 | |||
| Grades | Ti-6Al-4V | |||
| Thickness | 0.3–4.75 mm | 5–60 mm; Customizable up to 100 mm | ||
| Standard Stock Thicknesses | 0.5 / 0.6 / 0.8 / 1.0 / 1.5 / 2.0 / 2.5 / 3.0 / 4.0mm | 5 / 6 / 8 / 10 / 12 / 15 / 20 / 25 / 30 / 35 / 40 / 50 / 60 mm | ||
| Width | 400–1200 mm | 400–2000 mm | ||
| Length | 1000–3000 mm | 1000–6000 mm | ||
| Note | Sheet Thickness ≤ 4.75 mm | Medical Titanium Plate & Sheet Typical thickness 0.5–20 mm; width ≤1200 mm; polished or pickled surfaces available. | ||
Medical-use boundary: ASTM F1472-compliant plate and sheet are medical-device raw material, not an approved finished implant. The device manufacturer remains responsible for design, forming/joining, surface treatment, cleaning, sterilization, biological evaluation, risk management and regulatory compliance.
Main Characteristics
- Medical conventional Ti-6Al-4V: Combines high specific strength, corrosion resistance and extensive clinical and engineering use. F1472 permits higher oxygen, iron and hydrogen limits than ASTM F136 Ti-6Al-4V ELI; the two specifications and material grades must not be labeled interchangeably.
- Controlled alpha-beta chemistry: Aluminum stabilizes alpha and vanadium stabilizes beta. Al, V, interstitial elements, yttrium and residual elements require heat-specific control for consistent strength, ductility, microstructure and rolling/forming response.
- Good biocompatibility: A stable TiO2 passive film and extensive clinical use support its role as a common implant material. The finished device still requires biological evaluation under applicable regulations and standards such as ISO 10993.
- Good corrosion resistance: Performance is generally excellent in saline, body fluids and many chloride environments, but fretting, crevices, dissimilar-metal coupling, fluoride media and surface contamination require device-level evaluation.
- Weldable with strict shielding: Qualified laser, electron-beam, GTAW/TIG or resistance processes may be used. The pool, back side and hot heat-affected zone require full inert-gas protection. Sheet welding must also control heat input, distortion and residual stress.
- High strength with limited room-temperature formability: Plate and sheet can be sheared, stamped, bent and formed to a limited extent, but have less forming margin and greater springback than unalloyed titanium. Bend radius, orientation and forming temperature depend on thickness, annealed condition, texture and surface quality; complex forming normally uses qualified warm or hot-forming procedures.
Chemical Composition
The following mass-percent limits are commonly applied to ASTM F1472 Ti-6Al-4V (UNS R56400). Formal purchasing and acceptance are governed by the contract edition, official ASTM text and original mill report:
| Element | ASTM F1472 Ti-6Al-4V requirement |
| Nitrogen, N | ≤0.05% |
| Carbon, C | ≤0.08% |
| Hydrogen, H | ≤0.015% |
| Iron, Fe | ≤0.30% |
| Oxygen, O | ≤0.20% |
| Aluminum, Al | 5.5-6.75% |
| Vanadium, V | 3.5-4.5% |
| Yttrium, Y | ≤0.005% |
| Residual elements, each | ≤0.10% |
| Residual elements, total | ≤0.40% |
| Titanium, Ti | Balance |
Technical references: ASTM F1472 official scope and public abstract, plus producer data for Ti-6Al-4V / UNS R56400 flat products.
- Aluminum and vanadium: Al is 5.5-6.75% and V is 3.5-4.5%, together producing a heat-treatable alpha-beta microstructure. Chemical homogeneity, melting and thermomechanical processing affect microstructure and final performance.
- Interstitials and iron: O, Fe, C, N and H affect strength, ductility, toughness and hydrogen-embrittlement risk. F1472 conventional Ti-6Al-4V limits differ from F136 ELI; procurement, reports and identification must clearly distinguish them.
- Yttrium and residuals: Yttrium is limited to 0.005% maximum; each and total residual-element limits must follow the standard. The report must correspond to the heat and include required chemistry, not only Al and V.
- Titanium content: The specification states Titanium: Balance. A nominal grade or medical-grade claim does not replace heat-specific analysis, the material report and contract testing.
Mechanical Properties
ASTM F1472 specifies room-temperature tensile requirements for annealed wrought Ti-6Al-4V plate, sheet and strip. A common public reference baseline is approximately 895 MPa ultimate tensile strength and 825 MPa 0.2% yield strength, with 8-10% minimum elongation depending on thickness and orientation. Formal acceptance must use the applicable thickness/orientation table in the contract edition; sheet, strip and plate also require bend testing where applicable.
| Property | ASTM F1472 annealed flat-product reference minimum | Note |
| Ultimate tensile strength | Approx. 895 MPa | Official value follows thickness/orientation table |
| 0.2% yield strength | Approx. 825 MPa | Official value follows thickness/orientation table |
| Elongation | 8-10% | Minimum depends on thickness, orientation and specimen |
ASTM F1472 Ti-6Al-4V Annealed Plate & Sheet Reference Requirements
| Property | Ti-6Al-4V annealed reference |
| Ultimate tensile strength | Common reference minimum approx. 895 MPa |
| 0.2% yield strength | Common reference minimum approx. 825 MPa |
| Elongation | Common minimum approx. 8-10%, by thickness/orientation |
| Elastic modulus | Typical approx. 105-116 GPa |
Important: Mechanical properties must be applied with thickness, sampling location and orientation, specimen form, gauge length, annealed condition and the official table; applicable sheet, strip and plate also require the specified bend test. This table is for product presentation only and does not replace contract acceptance or approve a finished implant.
HTN Supply and Quality Documentation
HTN organizes ASTM F1472 Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) medical titanium plate and sheet supply to customer purchase requirements. Material is produced by qualified titanium-mill resources. Original mill reports, heat/plate traceability, chemistry, mechanical and microstructure records can be supplied as agreed. HTN reviews standard edition, thickness, width, length, tolerances, annealed condition, surface, flatness, rolling direction, edges and packaging, and can arrange independent retesting, ultrasonic or liquid-penetrant testing, cut-to-size processing, clean packaging and third-party inspection.
Typical Applications
- raw material for orthopedic trauma fixation plates, bone plates and related load-bearing implant components;
- cranio-maxillofacial reconstruction plates, spinal implant components and joint-system parts;
- dental, surgical-instrument and other medical-device components requiring high-strength thin sections;
- flat stock for precision stamping, bending, machining or hybrid additive/subtractive manufacturing;
- medical-device parts requiring high specific strength, good damage tolerance and corrosion resistance;
- hot-rolled plate, cold-rolled sheet, ground plate and cut-to-size flat stock supplied to customer drawings;
- medical-device research, prototypes and custom implant material;
- international projects when ISO 5832-3, regulatory and customer supplementary requirements are also met.
Application boundary: ASTM F1472 Ti-6Al-4V plate and sheet are raw material for surgical implant manufacture, not an approved finished implant. The final device must separately meet applicable regulations, design validation, fatigue evaluation, biological evaluation, cleaning, sterilization and traceability requirements.
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Fabrication and Machining Characteristics
Rolling, Finishing and Dimensional Control
Ti-6Al-4V plate and sheet are commonly made by qualified multiple melting, ingot breakdown, slab forging, hot rolling and, where required, cold rolling, annealing, leveling and surface finishing. Rolling temperature, reduction, direction, cold work and intermediate annealing must be controlled for uniform thickness, compliant microstructure and ordered flatness. Cut edges must be free from unacceptable overheating, laminations, cracks and contamination.
Shearing, bending and forming
Plate and sheet may be sheared, blanked, bent, drawn or machined. Room-temperature bending must consider rolling direction, thickness, edge quality and springback; longitudinal and transverse elongation requirements may differ. Complex shapes should use qualified warm or hot-forming procedures. Bend-test angle and bend factor/mandrel follow the contract ASTM edition and applicable thickness table.
Annealing and heat treatment
ASTM F1472 applies to annealed wrought material. Control temperature, soak, cooling and vacuum/inert atmosphere to avoid grain coarsening, continuous alpha at prior-beta grain boundaries, coarse elongated alpha platelets, excessive beta transformation, alpha case, distortion, oxidation and hydrogen pickup. Special conditions require separate contract definition and validation.
Welding and joining
Qualified laser, electron-beam, GTAW/TIG, resistance or diffusion joining may be used. Remove oil, oxides and iron contamination before joining and fully shield the weld face, back side and hot heat-affected zone. Sheet joining must control heat input and distortion; the finished device must validate joint microstructure, strength, fatigue, corrosion resistance and cleanliness.
Typical Physical Properties
The following are typical values for annealed Ti-6Al-4V near room temperature. Unless explicitly required by the standard or contract, they are not routine ASTM F1472 lot-acceptance values:
| Physical property | reference value |
| Density | Approx. 4.43 g/cm³ |
| Elastic modulus at room temperature | Approx. 105-116 GPa |
| Thermal conductivity at room temperature | Approx. 6.7 W/(m·K) |
| Mean CTE, 20-100°C | Approx. 8.6×10⁻⁶/K |
| Solidus/liquidus reference | Approx. 1604-1660°C |
| Poisson’s ratio | Typically approx. 0.34 |
| Crystal structure at room temperature | Alpha + beta |
| Magnetism | Essentially non-magnetic |
| Strengthening mechanism | Solid solution, microstructure control and optional heat treatment |
| Specific heat at room temperature | Typically approx. 526 J/(kg·K) |
Physical-property reference: Producer data for Ti-6Al-4V / UNS R56400. Values vary with temperature, microstructure, rolling orientation, cold work and heat treatment and are not routine ASTM F1472 lot-acceptance values.
Corrosion Resistance
Ti-6Al-4V develops a spontaneous, renewable TiO2 passive film and generally resists saline, body fluids and many aqueous chlorides. Flat-product performance also depends on scratches, rolling/grinding residue, edge quality, fretting, wear, crevices, dissimilar metals, electrochemical conditions, forming residual stress and cleaning or sterilization residue.
Environments in Which Grade 5 Generally Performs Well
- Saline and many simulated-body-fluid environments;
- humid air and high-purity water;
- neutral chloride solutions;
- many oxidizing environments;
- properly controlled cleaning and passivation processes;
- many medical-device sterilization processes after device validation;
- long-term tissue contact without fretting;
- validated orthopedic, spinal and dental implant environments.
Environments Requiring Careful Evaluation
- Fluoride cleaners, hydrofluoric acid or high-fluoride oral conditions;
- local acidification in oxygen-starved crevices;
- combined fretting, wear and corrosion;
- galvanic coupling with unsuitable dissimilar metals;
- cathodic hydrogen charging or improper electrochemical treatment;
- strong reducing acids;
- hot concentrated salts or unusual disinfection chemicals;
- areas containing particles, residues or surface damage;
- new uses lacking device-level corrosion and biological validation.
Engineering caution: Biocompatibility, fatigue and body-fluid corrosion performance are not determined by grade alone. Flat-product cleanliness, microstructure, rolling direction, surface scratches, grinding residue, edge quality, residual stress, fretting, wear, crevices, dissimilar metals, fluoride exposure and sterilization residue can affect the final device.
Typical Industry Manufacturing Route for ASTM F1472 Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Plate & Sheet
- Raw-material selection and charge preparation: Use qualified titanium raw material, aluminum-vanadium master alloy and strictly controlled clean revert, closely controlling O, Fe, C, N, H, Y and residual elements.
- Electrode preparation: Homogenize, compact and weld consumable electrodes while avoiding high-density inclusions, low-density inclusions, oil, moisture and foreign contamination.
- Melting and ingot production: Use a qualified multiple-melting route meeting ASTM F1472 and purchase requirements, controlling chemistry uniformity, inclusions and ingot quality. The method, number of melts and supplementary raw-material restrictions follow the standard and order.
- Ingot conditioning and slab preparation: Crop unsuitable ends, remove surface defects, sufficiently break down the cast structure by forging, and make slabs suitable for rolling.
- Hot and cold rolling: Hot-roll using a qualified temperature and deformation schedule to obtain a fine dispersion of alpha and beta, without continuous alpha at prior-beta grain boundaries or coarse elongated alpha platelets, while controlling reduction, direction, temperature drop, oxidation and shape. Thin products may be cold-rolled with intermediate annealing.
- Final annealing and surface conditioning: Apply a qualified final anneal; remove scale, alpha case and rolling residue; prevent hydrogen pickup and iron contamination; and achieve the ordered annealed microstructure, properties and clean surface.
- Leveling, cutting and finishing: Level, shear, saw, water-cut, grind or polish to the ordered thickness, width, length, flatness, edge condition and surface roughness.
- Cleaning: Use validated mechanical or chemical cleaning to prevent oil, abrasive, iron, chlorinated-cleaner and pickling residue. Final implant precision cleaning and sterilization remain the device manufacturer responsibility.
- Inspection: Verify chemistry, tensile properties, thickness, dimensions, flatness, surface and identification by heat or lot; perform bend testing where applicable and examine microstructure and surface contamination. Ultrasonic testing for thicker plate, liquid penetrant, roughness or supplementary examinations follow the order.
- Identification, packaging and traceability: Maintain one-to-one correspondence among heat, lot, plate number, flat product and report. Use clean, dry, scratch-resistant packaging with interleaving to prevent bending, mix-ups and cross-contamination.
Manufacturing and inspection note: ASTM F1472 specifies chemistry, mechanical properties, microstructure, surface contamination and applicable bend testing. Dimensions/tolerances, flatness, rolling direction, edges, roughness, ultrasonic or penetrant testing, clean packaging, EN 10204 3.1 documentation and third-party inspection must be confirmed in the purchase order.
