ASTM B265 Grade 2 Titanium Sheet & Plate
- Product: ASTM B265 Grade 2 Titanium Sheet & Plate
- Material type: Commercially pure titanium
- UNS: R50400
- Room-temperature structure: Typical annealed alpha-phase microstructure
- Common supply condition: Annealed
- Available forms: Sheet, plate, cut-to-length coil sheet and other agreed dimensions
- Surface conditions: Hot-rolled pickled, cold-rolled annealed and pickled, blasted, ground, polished or as ordered
- Thickness: 0.3–60 mm; Customizable up to 100 mm
- Width: 400–2000 mm
- Length: 1000–6000 mm
Customizable sizes are available, while specific product parameters should be confirmed per the applicable standard edition and order.
Product Overview
ASTM B265 Grade 2 titanium sheet and plate are commercially pure titanium flat products produced and tested to ASTM B265. The alloy is UNS R50400. Grade 2 is one of the most widely used commercially pure titanium grades for industrial service, balancing strength, ductility, weldability and corrosion resistance for chemical processing, marine, energy and heat-transfer equipment.
Grade 2 is principally titanium with controlled oxygen, iron, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen. Compared with Grade 1, Grade 2 permits higher oxygen and iron levels, providing higher strength while retaining good formability and weldability. It is commonly supplied annealed and is suitable for cutting, stamping, bending, welding, machining and explosive bonding. Formal acceptance shall follow the ASTM B265 edition, thickness, condition, test direction and supplementary requirements stated in the order.
Grade 2 sheet and plate are suitable for chemical vessels and linings, reactors, tower internals, heat exchangers, condensers, desalination and marine hardware, hydrometallurgical equipment, oil-and-gas and energy systems, flue-gas-desulfurization equipment, clad-plate backing and other corrosion-resistant sheet-metal or equipment components.
| Specification | Cold-Rolled Titanium Sheet | Hot-Rolled Titanium Plate |
| Standard | ASTM B265 | |
| Grades | Gr2 | |
| Thickness | 0.3–4.75 mm | 5–60 mm; Customizable up to 100 mm |
| Standard Stock Thicknesses | 0.5 / 0.6 / 0.8 / 1.0 / 1.5 / 2.0 / 2.5 / 3.0 / 4.0mm | 5 / 6 / 8 / 10 / 12 / 15 / 20 / 25 / 30 / 35 / 40 / 50 / 60 mm |
| Width | 400–1200 mm | 400–2000 mm |
| Length | 1000–3000 mm | 1000–6000 mm |
| Note | Sheet Thickness ≤ 4.75 mm | Plate Thickness > 4.75 mm polished or pickled surfaces available. |
Important: This document is prepared around ASTM B265-25 Grade 2 titanium sheet and plate. The contract edition, thickness, condition and supplementary requirements govern formal acceptance.
Main Characteristics
- Balanced strength and formability: Grade 2 is stronger than Grade 1 while retaining good cold-forming and welding capability. It can be used for bending, stamping, deep drawing, spinning and explosive bonding; complex forming should still be qualified by trial or an approved process.
- ASTM B265 mechanical requirements: Grade 2 sheet and plate have a minimum tensile strength of 345 MPa, a minimum 0.2% offset yield strength of 275 MPa and a minimum elongation of 20%. Formal acceptance must consider ordered thickness, supply condition and the applicable ASTM B265 requirements.
- Excellent corrosion resistance: A continuous, tightly adherent titanium-oxide passive film gives Grade 2 excellent performance in many oxidizing media, seawater, brines and chloride-bearing aqueous environments. Actual selection must consider medium, temperature, concentration, flow, oxygen availability and crevice conditions.
- Good weldability: TIG, MIG, plasma, laser and electron-beam welding may be used. The weld area must be clean and the weld pool, face, root and hot heat-affected zone require complete high-purity inert-gas shielding.
- Low density and essentially non-magnetic behavior: Density is about 4.51 g/cm³, supporting corrosion-resistant lightweight equipment and some magnetic-response-sensitive uses.
- Not significantly strengthened by conventional heat treatment: Annealing and stress-relief annealing for CP Grade 2 principally stabilize microstructure, improve fabrication response and relieve residual stress. Special thermal condition, flatness, surface, ultrasonic examination or corrosion-testing requirements must be stated in the order.
Chemical Composition
ASTM B265 Grade 2 chemistry is controlled to the following mass-percent limits:
| Element | ASTM B265 Grade 2 requirement |
| Nitrogen, N | ≤0.030% |
| Carbon, C | ≤0.080% |
| Hydrogen, H | ≤0.015% |
| Iron, Fe | ≤0.300% |
| Oxygen, O | ≤0.250% |
| Titanium, Ti | Balance |
| Residual elements, each | ≤0.100% |
| Residual elements, total | ≤0.400% |
- Oxygen: Grade 2 has a maximum oxygen content of 0.25%. Oxygen increases strength but reduces ductility and formability; oxygen content and product processing condition affect final properties.
- Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and iron require close control. Excess nitrogen and carbon reduce ductility; excessive hydrogen can form brittle hydrides; iron affects strength, microstructure and corrosion behavior.
- Final chemistry shall be confirmed by the original mill test report for the applicable heat. More-stringent customer drawings, ASME, NACE, ASTM B265 or other applicable requirements must be stated during quotation and ordering.
Mechanical Requirements
The following room-temperature tensile requirements apply to annealed ASTM B265 Grade 2 titanium sheet and plate. The specified edition, thickness, specimen form, test orientation and supplementary requirements must also be considered for formal acceptance.
| Property | Requirement | Status |
| Ultimate tensile strength, Rm | ≥345 MPa | ASTM minimum |
| 0.2% offset yield strength, Rp0.2 | ≥275 MPa | ASTM minimum |
| Elongation in the specified gauge length | ≥20% | ASTM minimum |
| Reduction of area, Z | — | Not a general ASTM B265 sheet/plate tensile acceptance requirement |
Typical room-temperature properties (not guaranteed)
| Property | Typical annealed Grade 2 reference |
| Ultimate tensile strength | Approx. 345–485 MPa |
| 0.2% offset yield strength | Approx. 275–345 MPa |
| Elongation | Approx. 20–28% |
| Reduction of area | Approx. 45–57% |
| Elastic modulus | Approx. 105–120 GPa |
Important: Typical values are not ASTM acceptance values and are not automatically guaranteed for every lot. Flatness, surface roughness, UT, PMI, corrosion testing, clad-plate supplementary testing or other tests must be ordered when required.
HTN Supply and Quality Services
ASTM B265 Grade 2 titanium sheet and plate are produced by evaluated, qualified mill resources. HTN confirms technical requirements from customer drawings and purchase specifications, selects a mill with appropriate capability, reviews the original MTR and heat/lot records, and verifies the relationship among material standard, thickness, dimensions, quantity, condition and inspection documents.
When agreed in the contract, HTN can coordinate independent retesting, ultrasonic examination, PMI, thickness and flatness inspection, cut-to-size service, surface conditioning, EN 10204 3.1 documentation and third-party inspection, together with export packing, shipping documents and international delivery.
Typical Applications
- Plate heat exchangers, heat exchangers, condensers, evaporators and corrosion-resistant heat-transfer-system components;
- chemical reactors, tanks, vessels, tower internals, linings and corrosion-resistant sheet-metal parts;
- desalination, marine engineering, shipboard, hydrometallurgical, energy and environmental equipment;
- explosive-bonded clad-plate backing, precision stampings, deep-drawn parts, bent parts and other high-formability components;
- flue-gas desulfurization, pollution control, food, pharmaceutical and other equipment requiring corrosion resistance, weldability and a cleanable surface;
- other sheet and plate applications evaluated against drawings, standards, supply condition and actual service conditions.
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Fabrication and Processing Characteristics
Cutting and machining
Grade 2 sheet and plate can be blanked by shearing, sawing, waterjet, laser, plasma or another qualified method, and can also be drilled, milled and ground. Use sharp tooling, stable feed and abundant non-chlorinated cutting fluid to avoid local overheating, scoring and iron contamination. Heat-cut edges, heat-affected zones and oxide must be treated as required by the end use.
Cold forming
Grade 2 has good cold-forming capability for bending, stamping, deep drawing, spinning, press forming and explosive bonding. Its formability is generally lower than Grade 1; complex shapes or tight bend radii should be validated against thickness, surface condition and tooling, using staged forming, intermediate annealing or warm forming when needed.
Hot working and heat treatment
Sheet and plate are commonly produced through hot rolling, annealing, pickling, cold rolling, final annealing and finishing. Working temperature, reduction, soak time, cooling path and atmosphere must follow a qualified process to limit grain coarsening, oxidation and alpha case. Annealing restores ductility, stabilizes microstructure and relieves residual stress; it is not a conventional strengthening route.
Welding
Grade 2 has good weldability. Material surfaces must be clean and free from oil or iron contamination. The weld pool, face, root and hot heat-affected zone require complete high-purity inert-gas shielding. Critical weldments should be qualified for joint strength, ductility, corrosion behavior and any required post-weld treatment.
Machining safety: Fine titanium chips and powders are combustible and must be collected, stored and handled away from ignition sources under applicable safety requirements.
Typical Physical Properties
The following are typical reference values near room temperature and are not mandatory lot-acceptance requirements of ASTM B265:
| Physical property | reference value |
| Density | Approx. 4.51 g/cm³ |
| Elastic modulus | Approx. 105–120 GPa |
| Specific heat at room temperature | Approx. 0.52 J/(g·K) |
| Thermal conductivity | Approx. 21.8 W/(m·K) (at approx. 20°C) |
| Electrical resistivity | Approx. 0.53 μΩ·m |
| Mean CTE, 20–100°C | Approx. 8.6×10⁻⁶/K |
| Beta transus | Approx. 915°C |
| Melting temperature | Approx. 1660–1670°C |
| Poisson’s ratio | Approx. 0.34 |
| Magnetism | Generally regarded as non-magnetic |
Physical-property reference: TIMET TIMETAL 50A (equivalent to ASTM Grade 2) public technical data. Values vary with temperature, heat, orientation, thickness and annealed condition.
Corrosion Resistance
Grade 2 sheet and plate corrosion resistance is based on a continuous, tightly adherent titanium-oxide passive film. The material performs well in many oxidizing media, natural seawater, marine atmospheres and chloride-bearing aqueous environments. Actual material selection must be verified against medium, temperature, concentration, oxygen availability, flow, deposits, crevices and dissimilar-metal joint conditions.
Environments in Which Grade 2 Generally Performs Well
- Natural seawater, marine atmospheres, salt spray, brines and many high-chloride aqueous media;
- many neutral aqueous solutions, general industrial water, desalination and applicable heat-transfer service;
- nitric acid and many oxidizing acidic environments;
- evaluated chemical processing, hydrometallurgy, pollution control, food and pharmaceutical equipment duties;
- sheet-metal and deep-drawn parts requiring excellent formability, weldability and corrosion resistance.
Environments Requiring Careful Evaluation
- Fluoride-bearing media or hydrofluoric acid;
- hot, concentrated, oxygen-starved or strongly corrosive acids containing reducing metal ions;
- completely dry chlorine, anhydrous methanol or halide-contaminated methanol;
- red fuming nitric acid, molten chloride salts, liquid mercury, cadmium and other special chemical environments;
- pickling, cathodic protection or electrochemical conditions that may promote hydrogen pickup, as well as hot crevices, deposits, dissimilar-metal contact and stressed locations.
- hot crevices, deposits, dissimilar-metal contact and stressed locations.
Engineering caution: Grade 2 corrosion resistance cannot be determined by alloy grade alone. Fluoride-bearing media, reducing acids, oxygen-starved crevices and hot brines require actual-service corrosion testing and engineering review.
Typical Industry Manufacturing Route for Grade 2 Titanium Sheet and Plate
- Raw-material preparation: Select qualified titanium sponge and approved clean revert, while controlling oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, iron and foreign contamination.
- Electrode preparation: Compact the charge into electrode blocks and assemble the melting electrode, excluding oil, moisture and iron-bearing foreign matter.
- Vacuum melting and ingot production: VAR, electron-beam cold-hearth melting or another approved titanium melting route may be used. The melting route and number of melts follow the qualified mill process and purchase requirements.
- Ingot conditioning and chemistry: Crop, peel or grind as necessary, complete required chemical analysis, retain heat identification and perform necessary internal-quality controls.
- Breakdown and slab preparation: Forge, break down roll or use another qualified process to refine the cast structure, improve internal uniformity and produce slab for rolling.
- Hot rolling: Hot roll slab to intermediate thickness under qualified temperature, reduction and cooling controls to obtain stable microstructure while limiting oxidation and alpha case.
- Annealing, pickling and cold rolling: Apply intermediate annealing, pickling to remove oxide, and cold rolling as required by product thickness and properties. Pickling must limit hydrogen pickup.
- Final annealing and surface conditioning: Final anneal to restore ductility and stabilize microstructure. Acid-pickled, blasted, ground, polished or other agreed surface conditions may be supplied.
- Flattening, finishing, inspection and delivery: Level, cut to size, trim edges, apply protective film or finish as ordered. Verify chemistry, tensile properties, thickness, dimensions, tolerances, flatness, surface and identification. UT, PMI, surface roughness, corrosion testing, clad-plate supplementary testing or third-party inspection are performed when ordered. Maintain full correlation among material, labels, heat, lot, dimensions, condition and original MTR.
