ASTM B265 Grade 23 Titanium Sheet & Plate
- Product: ASTM B265 Grade 23 Titanium Sheet & Plate
- Material type: Alpha-beta titanium alloy / Ti-6Al-4V ELI
- UNS: R56407
- Room-temperature structure: Typical annealed alpha-beta microstructure
- Common supply condition: Annealed
- Available forms: Sheet, plate, cut-to-length coil sheet and other agreed dimensions
- Surface conditions: Hot-rolled pickled, cold-rolled annealed and pickled, blasted, ground, polished or as ordered
- Thickness: 0.3–60 mm; Customizable up to 100 mm
- Width: 400–2000 mm
- Length: 1000–6000 mm
Customizable sizes are available, while specific product parameters should be confirmed per the applicable standard edition and order.
Product Overview
ASTM B265 Grade 23 titanium sheet and plate are Ti-6Al-4V ELI titanium-alloy flat products produced and tested to ASTM B265. Grade 23 corresponds to UNS R56407. It is the extra-low-interstitial version of Ti-6Al-4V, combining high strength-to-weight ratio with improved ductility and fracture toughness, making it suitable for fracture-critical and damage-tolerant applications.
Grade 23 contains approximately 5.5–6.5% aluminum and 3.5–4.5% vanadium, with tightly controlled oxygen, iron, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen. It is commonly supplied annealed and can be cut, formed, machined and welded using qualified processes.
Typical applications include aerospace structures, pressure vessels, low-temperature service components, medical implants and equipment, chemical equipment, marine components and other parts requiring high specific strength, corrosion resistance and improved toughness.
| Specification | Cold-Rolled Titanium Sheet | Hot-Rolled Titanium Plate |
| Standard | ASTM B265 | |
| Grades | Gr23 | |
| Thickness | 0.3–4.75 mm | 5–60 mm; Customizable up to 100 mm |
| Standard Stock Thicknesses | 0.5 / 0.6 / 0.8 / 1.0 / 1.5 / 2.0 / 2.5 / 3.0 / 4.0mm | 5 / 6 / 8 / 10 / 12 / 15 / 20 / 25 / 30 / 35 / 40 / 50 / 60 mm |
| Width | 400–1200 mm | 400–2000 mm |
| Length | 1000–3000 mm | 1000–6000 mm |
| Note | Sheet Thickness ≤ 4.75 mm | Plate Thickness > 4.75 mm polished or pickled surfaces available. |
Main Characteristics
- High strength and strength-to-weight ratio: Ti-6Al-4V ELI is a high-strength alpha-beta titanium alloy suitable for lightweight structural applications.
- Improved ductility and fracture toughness: Extra-low interstitial control supports demanding fatigue, fracture and damage-tolerance applications.
- ASTM B265 mechanical requirements: Common annealed Grade 23 sheet and plate are specified at approximately 120 ksi (828 MPa) minimum tensile strength, 110 ksi (approx.759 MPa) minimum 0.2% offset yield strength and 10% minimum elongation; formal acceptance follows the applicable ASTM edition, thickness and test direction.
- Good corrosion resistance: A stable titanium-oxide passive film provides strong resistance in seawater, humid environments and many oxidizing media.
- Good weldability: TIG, MIG, plasma, laser and electron-beam welding may be used with qualified procedures and complete high-purity inert-gas shielding.
- Low density and essentially non-magnetic behavior: Density is approximately 4.43 g/cm³.
Chemical Composition
Final chemistry shall be confirmed by the original mill test report for the applicable heat. More-stringent customer drawings, ASME, NACE, AMS, ASTM or other applicable requirements must be stated during quotation and ordering.
| Element | Grade 23 requirement |
| Aluminum, Al | 5.50–6.50% |
| Vanadium, V | 3.50–4.50% |
| Nitrogen, N | ≤0.030% |
| Carbon, C | ≤0.080% |
| Hydrogen, H | ≤0.0125% |
| Iron, Fe | ≤0.250% |
| Oxygen, O | ≤0.130% |
| Titanium, Ti | Balance |
| Residual elements, each | ≤0.100% |
| Residual elements, total | ≤0.400% |
ASTM Mechanical Requirements
Typical room-temperature reference values are approximately 828–930 MPa tensile strength, 759–860 MPa yield strength and 10–15% elongation. Typical values are not ASTM acceptance values and are not automatically guaranteed for every lot.
| Property | Typical ASTM B265 Grade 23 annealed minimum |
| Ultimate tensile strength, Rm | ≥120 ksi (approx. 828 MPa) |
| 0.2% offset yield strength, Rp0.2 | ≥110 ksi (approx. 759 MPa) |
| Elongation | ≥10% |
| Reduction of area | — |
HTN Supply and Quality Services
ASTM B265 Grade 23 titanium sheet and plate are produced by evaluated, qualified mill resources. HTN confirms technical requirements from customer drawings and purchase specifications, selects a mill with appropriate capability, reviews original MTR and heat/lot records, and verifies the relationship among material standard, thickness, dimensions, quantity, condition and inspection documents.
When agreed in the contract, HTN can coordinate independent retesting, ultrasonic examination, PMI, thickness and flatness inspection, cut-to-size service, surface conditioning, EN 10204 3.1 documentation and third-party inspection, together with export packing, shipping documents and international delivery.
Typical Applications
- Aerospace airframe and structural components, skins, frames and honeycomb panels;
- lightweight structures requiring improved fracture toughness and damage tolerance;
- pressure vessels and low-temperature or cryogenic-related components;
- medical implants and medical equipment structures;
- chemical, marine, energy and general corrosion-resistant equipment;
- automotive, motorsport and sports-equipment lightweight components;
- other sheet and plate applications evaluated against drawings, standards, thickness, supply condition and actual service conditions.
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Fabrication and Processing Characteristics
Cutting and machining:
Shearing, sawing, waterjet, laser, plasma and qualified machining methods may be used. Use sharp tooling, stable feed and adequate cooling to prevent overheating, scoring and contamination.
Cold forming:
Grade 23 can be bent, stamped, spun and press formed. Tight radii and complex shapes require process validation; staged forming or warm forming may be used where necessary.
Hot working and heat treatment:
Qualified hot rolling, annealing, pickling, cold rolling and final finishing routes should control grain growth, oxidation and alpha case.
Welding:
Surfaces must be clean and free from oil and iron contamination. The weld pool, face, root and hot heat-affected zone require complete high-purity inert-gas shielding.
Machining safety: Fine titanium chips and powders are combustible and must be collected, stored and handled away from ignition sources under applicable safety requirements.
Typical Physical Properties
These are approximate published Ti-6Al-4V ELI reference values and are not ASTM B265 lot-acceptance requirements.
| Physical property | reference value |
| Density | Approx. 4.43 g/cm³ |
| Elastic modulus | Approx. 110–114 GPa |
| Specific heat | Approx. 0.526 J/(g·K) |
| Thermal conductivity | Approx. 6.6–6.8 W/(m·K) |
| Electrical resistivity | Approx. 1.7 μΩ·m |
| Poisson’s ratio | Approx. 0.34 |
| Magnetism | Generally regarded as non-magnetic |
Corrosion Resistance
Grade 23 corrosion resistance is based on a continuous, tightly adherent titanium-oxide passive film.
- Generally favorable environments include natural seawater, marine atmosphere, many neutral aqueous solutions, general industrial water and evaluated chemical, medical and food-equipment service.
- Careful evaluation is required for fluoride-bearing media or hydrofluoric acid, hot or strongly reducing acids, completely dry chlorine, anhydrous or halide-contaminated methanol, molten chloride salts and hydrogen-pickup conditions.
Engineering caution: Corrosion resistance cannot be determined by alloy grade alone. Special media, temperature, concentration, stress and dissimilar-metal conditions require engineering review and, where appropriate, service-condition corrosion testing.
Typical Industry Manufacturing Route for Grade 23 (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) Titanium Sheet and Plate
- Raw-material preparation: Select qualified titanium sponge and clean approved revert while controlling oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, iron and foreign contamination.
- Electrode preparation: Prepare and assemble melting electrodes under controlled cleanliness.
- Vacuum melting and ingot production: VAR, electron-beam cold-hearth melting or another approved titanium-alloy melting route may be used.
- Ingot conditioning and chemistry: Crop, grind or peel as necessary, complete chemical analysis, retain heat identification and perform internal-quality controls.
- Breakdown and slab preparation: Forge or roll to refine cast structure and produce slab for rolling.
- Hot rolling: Hot roll under qualified temperature, reduction and cooling controls.
- Annealing, pickling and cold rolling: Apply intermediate annealing, pickling and cold rolling as required while controlling hydrogen pickup.
- Final annealing and surface conditioning: Final anneal to stabilize microstructure and restore fabrication response; supply agreed surface conditions.
- Flattening, finishing, inspection and delivery: Level, cut to size, trim, protect and verify chemistry, tensile properties, dimensions, tolerances, flatness, surface and identification. UT, PMI, roughness, corrosion testing and third-party inspection are performed when ordered.
